When an individual is debarred or excluded, what are they unable to receive payment from?

The correct answer is that when an individual is debarred or excluded, they are unable to receive payment from federal sources, which include grants, loans, and contracts. This situation arises as a result of legal actions taken against individuals or entities that are found to have committed fraud, misconduct, or violations of regulatory requirements, rendering them ineligible for federal financial assistance.

Being debarred has a significant impact on an individual’s or organization's ability to participate in federally funded programs or receive federal funds, which are crucial for research, educational projects, and various operational activities. The debarment process serves as a means to maintain the integrity of federal funding by preventing those who have engaged in dishonest practices from benefitting from taxpayer dollars.

In contrast, institutional grants, private donations, and state-funded scholarships may not carry the same restrictions imposed by debarment from federal sources, although they may have their own eligibility criteria. Therefore, the inability to receive payments is specifically tied to federal sources, making this the correct answer.