Universal precautions are the practice of treating which of the following as if they are known to be infectious?

Universal precautions are a set of infection control practices designed to prevent transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, and other bloodborne pathogens when providing first aid or healthcare. The principle behind universal precautions is that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if they are infectious, regardless of the perceived risk.

Answering with the inclusion of all human blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) reflects the comprehensive nature of these precautions. OPIM includes any body fluids that may contain bloodborne pathogens, such as semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and other fluids that may pose a risk for infection.

The correct answer emphasizes the need for healthcare providers and individuals in contact with bodily fluids to use protective measures, including gloves, gowns, masks, and safety devices, regardless of whether the source individual is known to carry infectious diseases. This approach minimizes the risk of transmission and ensures a safer environment for both healthcare workers and patients.

Thus, treating only human blood or only contaminated surfaces, or solely focusing on all bodily fluids, is not consistent with the broader definition of universal precautions that encompasses both blood and OPIM. This comprehensive strategy reinforces safety and awareness in handling various bodily fluids in healthcare settings.